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9.1 Control & Change Management
Monitoring is about observing performance; Controlling is about taking action when performance deviates from the plan. In 2026, the Project Manager must balance data-driven insights with proactive leadership to maintain the project's "Integrity."
🏎️ Performance Indicators (EVM)
Earned Value Management is the most powerful tool for objective performance tracking. You must master the "Health" of your project using these indices.
CPI (Cost Index)
EV / AC
> 1.0 (Under Budget)
< 1.0 (Over Budget)
Measures how efficiently you are spending your budget.
SPI (Schedule Index)
EV / PV
> 1.0 (Ahead of Schedule)
< 1.0 (Behind Schedule)
Measures how efficiently you are using the project's time.
💡 2026 Strategy: Trend Analysis
A single index is a snapshot. A Trend (e.g., SPI has dropped three weeks in a row) is a signal for proactive intervention. Always perform Root Cause Analysis (Fishbone) before implementing a correction.
🏗️ Integrated Change Control
Changes are non-negotiable in a 2026 environment. The process ensures they are managed without destroying the project's foundation.
1
Identify
Receive the formal request from a stakeholder.
2
Analyze
The PM assesses the impact on Scope, Schedule, Cost, and Quality.
3
Review
The Change Control Board (CCB) approves, rejects, or defers the change.
4
Update
If approved, update the baselines and notify all impacted stakeholders.
📊 Agile & Hybrid Visibility
In adaptive environments, "Control" focuses on value flow rather than variance from a static baseline.
- Burndown Charts: Tracking work remaining in a sprint.
- Burnup Charts: Tracking progress toward a total release goal.
- Velocity: Predicting future capacity based on historical output.
- Cycle Time: Measuring "Lead-to-Value"—how fast a single requirement crosses the finish line.
📝 Exam Insight: If a customer asks the team for a "small favor" (a minor change), the team should NOT do it. The Project Manager must direct the customer to the Change Control Process. Adding unrequested scope (Gold Plating) is an ethical and management failure.